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Your purchase

Start with the decision ahead of you

The stages below are a guide, not a mandatory sequence. Go back, skip a step or compare several topics. Base every decision on the particular property and your own contract.

Create a personal plan

Choose where to start

What stage are you at?

Choose the situation closest to yours. You can browse every stage without changing your personal plan.

Not sure where to start? Read about research and comparison or create a personal plan with three quick questions.

By property type

The property type changes the checks

A house, a plot of land and a home in a new development raise different questions. Use this guidance alongside your current stage as a buyer.

01Purchase stage

Research and compare

Sort out your needs and overall budget. Choose how you will compare properties before a specific ad prompts you to make a hasty decision.

What this means for you

In the beginning, the task is not to find the "perfect" listing, but to build a way to make a decision. Divide your conditions into mandatory, desirable and those for which you would compromise. Include the daily route, access, floor, lift, light, noise, degree of completion and the timeframe in which you can realistically move.

Also distinguish the type of purchase. An apartment under construction, a newly commissioned home, and an old home may look similar in a listing, but have different uncertainties, paperwork, and future costs. If you're still undecided, compare scenarios, not just prices per square meter.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Compare the same quantities. Ask how the area is calculated, what common areas are included, how a parking space or storage is acquired, and whether the price shown includes all agreed components. The address and advertising name are not sufficient to identify the property; for a specific option, ask for a diagram, an exact identifier and a seller's rights document.

For the area, check the facts that affect your daily life - transport, access, planned construction, noise and services - and note the date and source. A single visit or ad description does not indicate what the environment is in the morning, evening or during any other season.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

A complete set is not needed for each listing at this stage. For the options that remain on the short list, ask for at least a document showing who is offering the property, a cadastral scheme or sufficiently accurate project identification and a clear description of the accessories. For new construction, add the applicable building documents and the project version.

The goal is to establish early whether the listing, documents and physical property all refer to the same thing. A copy without a visible number, date, issuer or scope is a reason to ask further questions, not a completed check.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

The total budget is more than the advertised price. Allow for local taxes and fees, notary and registration costs, legal and technical assistance, credit costs, finishing or repair, furnishing, parking, maintenance and a reasonable reserve. Don't add an arbitrary general percentage - collect specific offers and conditions for your case.

If you're going to use a mortgage, an early conversation with a lender helps you understand the process, but a preliminary indication is not a final approval. A bank valuation also has a specific purpose and is not a substitute for a legal or technical due diligence.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Be careful when the comparison comes down to a single figure, when the areas are described differently, or when important components such as parking space and storage remain "to be specified". The pressure to pay immediately before exact identity and draft terms is a reason to delay the decision.

Another risk is to accumulate many ads without clear criteria. So the newer or more emotional offer looks better just because it's fresh. A short table with identical fields makes missing information visible.

Who can help?

A credit counselor or lender can clarify the financial process, a realtor about access to offers and inspections, and an architect or engineer about technical limitations. The lawyer becomes important before you commit or pay, not after the terms have already been accepted.

None of these contributors automatically covers the work of the others. Specify who the specialist is, what the task is and what result you will receive in writing.

How should you proceed?

Make a comparison table of no more than ten important indicators and mark "unknown" instead of filling in the blanks with a guess. After each viewing, write down the facts separately from the impressions and add the questions the seller needs to answer.

When there are two or three real options left, move from general research to verifying correct identity, rights and documents. This is the time to start shortlisting, not paying to "stop" the listing.

Next step

What comes next?

The next step is to compare the specific options. Move to it when you can explain why a property is on your shortlist, what the overall budget is, and what information is still missing.

If they are already pressuring you for a reservation or down payment, go directly to the appropriate direction and do not assume that early research is a substitute for pre-payment verification.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Write down five conditions without which the property does not work for you, and separately five desirable qualities.

  2. 02

    Compare the total budget, not just the advertised price or price per square meter.

  3. 03

    Use the same definitions for area, parking, warehouse, degree of completion and term.

  4. 04

    Note which statements come from a document, which from the seller, and which are a personal impression.

  5. 05

    Do not pay to stop the offer before you see exactly which property is being reserved and under what conditions you can cancel and get the amount back.

02Purchase stage

Comparing specific properties

Compare selected properties by title, condition, outstanding issues and total cost - not just by photos and advertised price.

What this means for you

Shortlisting is when ad options need to become specific properties. For each option, find out exactly what is being sold: a detached property, undivided shares, building rights, accessories and possibly a parking space. The same word in two advertisements may describe different rights.

Compare not only the features, but also the unknowns. A property with a lower price but an unclear area, in need of major repairs or an uncertain deadline may be a bigger commitment. Separate the verifiable fact from the promise and from the personal evaluation after inspection.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Match the address, ID, floor, site number, area, purpose and fixtures between the scheme, title deed, project and offer. During construction, check to which block, entrance and phase the permit and announced stage apply. For a completed home, compare the actual layout with the plan and ask about significant remodeling.

Do more than one inspection when the decision is serious. Check common areas, access, elevator, moisture, installations, exposure, noise and signs of repairs. Visible status is not a substitute for a technical review, but it helps you formulate the right questions.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

For each option in the short list, ask for a diagram or a precise description of the object in the project, a document of ownership or basis for the future right, up-to-date information on encumbrances and relevant construction documents. If the offer includes a warehouse, garage or parking space, request a separate description of what right you will acquire.

Don't compare a document by title alone. Record the issuer, number, date, scope and its relationship to the exact property. If the seller does not provide a document before payment, this is a fact that should play a part in your decision.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Make a budget for each option with the same lines: price, taxes and fees, financing, repair or finishing, furnishings, professional inspections, parking and maintenance. If you can't move in right away, add the cost of rent or another temporary solution.

Don't use the bank valuation as proof that the price is good or that the property has no legal problems. It serves a specific credit purpose and may be based on assumptions other than those relevant to your decision.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Common warnings are a discrepancy in areas, a parking space without a clear right, promised changes without a contractual application, a seller or intermediary with unclear representation and a request for payment before the document package. A discrepancy does not necessarily prove a problem, but it does require explanation and proof.

Also beware of "comparable" offers that are at different stages of construction, with different degrees of completion, or with incomparable common parts. Level the playing field before deciding which price is actually lower.

Who can help?

An independent attorney reviews rights, burdens, representation and contractual risk. An architect or engineer can assess layout, condition, alterations and finishes. The lender confirms its own terms and conditions.

Turn on the specialists before irrevocable payment. An oral comment on an inspection is not equivalent to a review of the specific documents and does not create responsibility for matters outside the assigned task.

How should you proceed?

Put together for each option a one-page file: exact subject, basic evidence, total budget, unknowns and reason for remaining on the list. Set a deadline for receiving the missing documents that does not depend on artificial urgency.

Then choose not just your favorite property, but the option for which you understand what you are acquiring, what you are paying and what risks you are taking. If two options remain close, prefer the one for which there is more complete and verifiable information.

Next step

What comes next?

Next is a reservation or down payment only if you already have an exact subject, a draft of the conditions and enough information to assess what happens in the event of a problem. If there is no payment, proceed to the preparation of the preliminary contract.

Returning to study is not a failure. It is the right move when no option meets the mandatory conditions or the seller does not provide the necessary information.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 1 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    For each option, write down the exact cadastral identifier or a sufficiently clear description of the project.

  2. 02

    Compare the offer, scheme, title deed and actual allotment in one table.

  3. 03

    Record separately the right to a parking space, warehouse, yard and other accessories.

  4. 04

    Calculate the total cost and time to actual use for each option.

  5. 05

    Remove from the list options where a key unknown remains without a verifiable answer.

03Purchase stage

Before reservation or deposit

Before you pay, check to whom and for what you are paying, what each party takes on and in which cases the amount is returned.

What this means for you

"Reservation fee", "holding deposit", "deposit" and "earnest money" are not automatically interchangeable. Their effect depends on the exact wording, the parties, the purpose of the payment and the surrounding facts. The title of a form or an explanation over the phone is not enough to determine whether and when the amount will be refunded.

The first question is what you get for paying. This may be a temporary suspension of the offer, a commitment to prepare a contract, part of the price or another stipulation. It must be clear which property is being reserved, for how long and what actions each party is required to take.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Check who will receive the money and on what basis. If you are paying an intermediary or another person, find out whom they represent, whether they have authority to receive the payment and when the money reaches the seller. Match the exact property, seller and underlying rights with the available documents before the transfer.

Read all cases of return, detention and interception. Include seller refusal, legal or technical due diligence problem, unapproved financing, non-attainment of contract text and expiry. Don't rely on a verbal promise that is missing from the document.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

Ask for the draft reservation agreement, the seller's bill of rights, a schematic or accurate description of the project property, up-to-date information on encumbrances and relevant building documents. If the intermediary has its own contract or terms and conditions, these are also part of the decision.

In the payment document, it looks for the exact recipient, bank account, currency, amount, basis, term, subject and signatories. Keep the signed copy and proof of payment in the same version of the file.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

There is no one correct amount or time for such a payment. Assess how much of the funds you are putting at risk, how long they can remain blocked and whether the conditions allow you to complete the necessary checks before the next commitment.

For a mortgage, specify which banking steps can actually be completed within the term. Advertising consultation or preliminary calculation does not guarantee credit. If the return is dependent on financing, the condition should be specific enough for your case.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Red flags are payment to a different person without a clear reason, blank fields, undescribed property, withholding of amount for almost any reason for refusal, very short contract period and refusal to provide basic documents. The "now or lose" pressure doesn't change the need to understand the terms.

There is also a risk when the document blocks only the buyer, but does not contain a verifiable commitment of the seller not to negotiate or prepare a contract. Check how a violation is proven and how in practice the refund is requested.

Who can help?

An independent attorney should read the specific document and related contracts before payment, especially when the amount is substantial or the terms are unclear. The lender only confirms their financial process, and the broker does not replace the review in your interest.

If the property description or construction documents are unclear, an architect or engineer can help compare them. Specify in writing exactly what each specialist checks.

How should you proceed?

Submit all terms and conditions and documents for review as one package. Put your questions in writing and ask for a revised draft if the answer changes the arrangement. Do not transfer to a different account or on a different basis than agreed upon without an explanation and a new check.

If the seller does not give a reasonable time for inspection or clear conditions for cancellation and refund, do not pay with the idea of ​​working out the details later. This in itself is important information about the proposed transaction.

Next step

What comes next?

After making a reservation, prepare the preliminary contract with all its appendices and continue any checks that could not be completed before payment. Keep track of the exact deadline and who is responsible for providing the first draft.

If there is no reservation, proceed directly to the preparation before a preliminary contract. Missing a payment does not mean missing checks.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Confirm who receives the money, for whom it acts and on what basis.

  2. 02

    Describe the exact property, amenities and reservation period without blank fields.

  3. 03

    Read each case of return, hold and termination separately.

  4. 04

    Ensure that the timeframe allows for legal, technical and financial review.

  5. 05

    Keep the signed version, attachments, correspondence and proof of payment.

04Purchase stage

Before the preliminary contract

Make sure the contract clearly describes the property, rights, appendices, payments and termination terms.

What this means for you

The preliminary contract is not an administrative formality. It creates key obligations before the final transaction: what will be transferred, at what price, by which deadlines and what happens if the agreement is not followed. For a property under construction, it will often need to describe the future unit, project and level of completion.

It divided four different events: construction stage, payment, notarial transfer and actual delivery. They may be linked by contract, but they are not the same and do not automatically occur together.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Check the parties, the representation and the right of the seller to promise the right right. Match the subject to the title deed, plan or approved project, including areas, common areas, storage, garage or parking space. For a future object, determine on which terrain and building right the project is based.

Read the terms, conditions for extension, proof of milestones, notification procedure, penalties, grounds for termination and refund policy. Check how design changes, variances, encumbrances, financing, notarial transfer and handover are handled.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

View the contract with all attachments at once: schematic or architectural plan, specification of materials and finish, payment schedule or terms, description of fixtures and powers of attorney. If an important application will be added "later", part of the stipulation remains unclear at the time of signing.

For the legal and construction basis, ask for the applicable title documents, encumbrance certificate, building permit, approved design part and other documents according to the stage. A single public record found does not prove the entire set or contents of a private contract.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Make your own table for each payment: amount or formula, currency, payee, maturity, condition, proof and right of objection. Don't assume that a contribution is due just because of a trade name like 'Act 14' - it's the specific clause and document with the right scope that guides you.

Check how VAT, indexation, additional works, maintenance charges, parking and credit terms affect the final price. Mesto does not determine the schedule, the amount of the installments or what kind of advance is acceptable in your case.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Unilateral change rights, general property descriptions, unlimited extensions, payment upon unclear proof, disproportionate buyer-only effects, and applications without a version or signature require particular attention. A marketing brochure does not automatically become a contractual promise.

A risk is also the lack of clear rules for termination and return of the payment in the event of a problem with ownership, encumbrances, permits or credit. Don't assume that a blanket "documents in order" clause covers every possible case.

Who can help?

An independent lawyer should review the entire project, the rights check and the payment mechanism in your interest. An architect or engineer looks at the design applications, the technical specification and the measurability of the promised performance.

The notary will have a role in the final transaction, but does not negotiate the preliminary contract for you. The lender checks its own financing terms, not all the risks of the purchase.

How should you proceed?

Leads negotiations on a list of outstanding issues and keeps versions. When text changes, compare the entire document, not just the last edited paragraph. Require all attachments to be clearly named, dated and signed along with the contract.

Before signing, summarize in your own words: what you acquire, when you pay, what you should receive and what rights you have in case of default. If you can't explain it clearly, the contract still needs clarification.

Next step

What comes next?

After signing, create a calendar based on the final text only and keep contract notices separate from advertising updates. Mark which document you need to receive before each action.

If an important inspection remains conditional, write down who performs it, in what time frame and what right you have in the event of an unfavorable result.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Match the parties, representation and seller's right with current evidence.

  2. 02

    Describe the exact item and all accessories equally in the contract and attachments.

  3. 03

    Link each payment to a specific condition, proof and notification procedure.

  4. 04

    Read the terms, extensions, terminations, refunds and penalties as one system.

  5. 05

    Sign only final versions of all applications after independent legal and technical review.

05Purchase stage

After signing

Keep all versions of documents, monitor contractual terms and check any changes before the next payment.

What this means for you

The signature does not end the verification. From that point on, there is a version of the agreement against which deadlines, notifications, design changes, construction documents and payment requests must be evaluated. General project news is helpful but not a substitute for the contractual procedure.

Monitor separately what is happening with the construction and what is happening according to your contract. Physical progress may be visible without the agreed proof being presented, and an issued document may refer to another block, stage or site.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Keep the signed version, any attachments, proof of payment and official correspondence. Check that all pages and attachments are signed or clearly signed and that names, dates and bank accounts match.

For each event reported, compare the specific clause, evidence required, date, issuer, and scope. If there is a delay or change, find out how the contract requires you to be notified and how long you can respond.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

Maintain a file with four sections: contract and annexes; design and technical applications; construction and administrative documents; payments and correspondence. Don't replace an old file with a new one - versions can be important for tracking a change.

For new construction, follow the documents according to the actual stage, but do not expect the same set every time. When a document is used as a basis for action under the contract, ask for a full copy and an explanation of how it relates to your subject.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Don't just schedule a payment based on an approximate date from a call or ad schedule. Maintain your own calendar with the agreed due date, condition, recipient, required document and review time. Separate the amount due from additional requests or changes.

In the case of a loan, coordinate in advance the deadline for the bank documents and the absorption, but do not allow the banking process to replace the verification of the contractual basis. If an account or payee changes, confirm the change through a trusted independent channel.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Watch out for verbal changes, unsigned annexes, documents for another block or phase, requesting payment without the agreed notification and accumulating important communication only in chat. Your silence may matter according to the text, so don't delay seeking professional advice in a dispute.

Another danger is the gradual acceptance of many small deviations without overall evaluation. Collect them in one place and see if together they change the object, term, value or future use.

Who can help?

The lawyer helps you read a notice, annex, delay or request for payment against the contract. An engineer or architect evaluates technical changes and their compatibility with applications. The lender confirms its terms and documents.

Get help before you sign an addendum, accept a variance, or miss an objection deadline. Timely consultation is more useful than trying to recover missing documents and correspondence later.

How should you proceed?

Turn the contract into a calendar and evidence list. For each future event, write down how you will know it has occurred, which document you expect and what you need to check before taking action. Respond in writing to important notices.

If you receive a new document, keep the original file, date and method of receipt. Name it so that you can later distinguish between a draft, an unsigned copy, and a final version.

Next step

What comes next?

Before each payment, open the specific stage payment guideline and compare the contract with the actual proof. Do not use the mention of the negotiation instead of the signed text.

When the notarial transfer or transfer approaches, refresh the checks because an old certificate or early scheme may no longer reflect the current situation.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Save the signed contract, every application and every subsequent version without overwriting files.

  2. 02

    Create a calendar of deadlines, notifications, proofs and payments according to the exact text.

  3. 03

    Confirm changes to a payee, account, project or deadline before taking action.

  4. 04

    Match construction documents with the correct block, entrance, phase and contract clause.

  5. 05

    Seek advice before annexation, waiver of right or expiration of objection period.

06Purchase stage

Before stage payment

Before the next installment, see exactly what the contract requires, which document proves the stage and whether you have been notified in the agreed manner.

What this means for you

The construction document and the payment obligation are different matters. The document has a normative function and specific scope, while the amount, maturity and notification procedure come from your contract. The same market name may be defined differently in different contracts.

Start with the clause, not the "we've reached the milestone" message. Determine what the contract calls the event, who must certify it, and whether issuance, signature, provision of a copy, or expiration of a certain period is sufficient.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Compare the number and date of the document, the construction, the building permit, the block, the entrance, the stage and the participants. A document for another subsite or infrastructure link may be genuine, but not prove the condition of your payment.

Check that the agreed method of notification and the deadline for review or objection are respected. If the document contains notes, attachments, or incomplete signatures, request a full copy and a professional review before judging their significance.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

Collect the signed contract and annexes, the payment notice, the milestone document with attachments and any earlier evidence that the clause refers to. Also keep correspondence about scope or deadline changes.

For Act 14, Act 15 or commissioning, read the explanation for the relevant document. A colloquial name is not enough - the exact type, subject and role in the construction process are important.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Calculate the amount using the contract formula and compare the currency, tax treatment, already paid and bank account. Do not use an invoice or invitation as the only evidence that the condition has occurred; they must correspond to the contract and the applicable evidence.

If you pay with credit, confirm the repayment period and the bank's requirements. The contractual maturity does not change, unless the contract expressly provides otherwise.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Alerts are document sample only, missing attachments, different block, general message to all buyers, new account without reliable confirmation and pressure to pay before reasonable review. A public record with a similar title does not by itself prove the contractual term.

Don't delay reacting to a discrepancy. The contract may contain deadlines and procedures that must be followed even when you are still gathering technical information.

Who can help?

The lawyer compares the payment request with the contract, procedure and your rights in a dispute. An engineer, architect or construction specialist can assess the document, appendices and physical scope. The lender confirms its own disbursement requirements.

Send the whole package, not just a picture of the first page. The professional opinion must be related to the specific contract and object.

How should you proceed?

Make a brief comparison in four columns: what the contract requires, what is received, what matches and what remains unclear. Send specific written questions and keep the answer with the rest of the evidence.

Pay only by the confirmed mechanism and save the payment document. If there is a dispute, follow professional advice and contractual procedure rather than improvising with retention or partial payment.

Next step

What comes next?

After payment, add the document, notice and proof of payment to the file and update the calendar. Note what the next contract event is, but don't assume that construction will progress on a fixed schedule.

When a notarial transfer or commissioning follows, go to the relevant guideline and update the legal and documentary checks.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Read the exact payment clause and any definitions it refers to.

  2. 02

    Match the document with the permit, block, input, phase and subject of the contract.

  3. 03

    Check the notification, due date, recipient, account, amount and currency.

  4. 04

    Request the full proof with signatures, attachments and notes where applicable.

  5. 05

    Keep the professional review, correspondence and proof of payment on file.

07Purchase stage

Before the notarial transfer

Perform up-to-date checks on ownership, encumbrances, property and representation. Specify the method of payment and delivery.

What this means for you

The notarial transfer is separate from the preliminary contract, commissioning, payment and handover of keys. Preparation must coordinate these events without assuming that they occur simultaneously or that one document proves everything.

Checks must be current to the transaction. A title deed or certificate reviewed months earlier is important history, but it does not alone answer the question of what the situation was immediately before signing.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Check chain of ownership and representation, including marital status, succession or power of attorney where applicable. The certificate of encumbrances must be for the correct property, period and person according to the approach chosen and read together with the recorded deeds.

Compare the cadastral scheme, the draft notarial deed, the preliminary contract and the real object. Pay attention to the identifier, area, purpose, floor, accessories, common parts and the right to a parking space or storage.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

The specific set is determined with the lawyer and the notary. Commonly considered are the title deed and previous deeds, current scheme, tax valuation, marital or inheritance documents, powers of attorney, registration certificates and applicable entry or building status document.

Do not treat the mere existence of a document as enough. Check its validity, issuer, date, scope, signatures and whether it reflects current circumstances. Read the draft notarial deed in advance, not for the first time at signing.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Coordinate the exact sequence between signing, bank transfer, loan disbursement, deletion or creation of collateral and registration. There is no one-size-fits-all rule-the mechanism depends on the parties, the contract, the credit, and the specific burdens.

Find out in advance the taxes, notary and registration fees and all agreed costs. Confirm amounts and bills through a trusted channel and don't change the basis at the last minute without legal review.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Risks are the discrepancy between the scheme and the title deed, incomplete ownership history, encumbrance with unclear scope, limited power of attorney, family or inheritance rights, unsettled cancellation of mortgage and draft deed that differs from what was agreed.

For new construction, check that the correct block or site falls within the applicable final document. "The complex has Act 16" is not enough when the construction is in phases.

Who can help?

An independent lawyer organizes the inspection in your interest and coordinates the unresolved issues. The notary performs notarial proceedings and legal checks, but does not replace the buyer's preliminary legal and technical preparation.

A creditor and an appraiser are involved in a mortgage; if there is a discrepancy in the site, a surveyor or architect may be needed. Specify who is responsible for each check and when the result should be ready.

How should you proceed?

Prepare a final list of documents, their issuer, date of receipt, expiration date and responsible person. Send the questions about the draft of the notarial deed in advance and ask for a corrected text before the day of the transaction.

Make a separate plan for payment and delivery. Write down when you will receive possession, keys, depositions, documents and access to common areas, rather than leaving these matters for verbal agreement after signing.

Next step

What comes next?

After registration and payment proceed to the actual delivery. The transaction does not prove the condition of the property and does not automatically record all keys, defects, appliances or readings.

Save the notarial deed, payment documents and proof of entry. Follow specific instructions for tax obligations, utility bills, insurance and building management.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Renew the title, agency and encumbrance check immediately prior to the transaction.

  2. 02

    Compare the scheme, the title deed, the preliminary contract, the draft deed and the real object.

  3. 03

    Read the draft of the notarial deed and the payment mechanism before the day of signing.

  4. 04

    Confirm how existing and new collateral will be settled and who is tracking the entry.

  5. 05

    Arrange in writing the time and content of the handover if it does not coincide with the transaction.

08Purchase stage

Before handing over the property

Prepare the technical inspection and handover record. List the keys, meter readings and documents, and agree how any defects will be remedied.

What this means for you

The actual handover may be on a different date than the notarial transfer or commissioning. It must follow the specific contract and record what you actually get: condition, keys, access, appliances, documents and meter readings.

Handing over is not just signing a protocol. This is the best opportunity to describe in writing the original condition, defects and absences. A generic "accepted without objection" can make subsequent communication difficult if it doesn't reflect the real view.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Compare the property with the contract annexes and the promised degree of completion. Check premises, dimensions if in doubt, joinery, flooring, doors, installations, appliances, terraces, storage, parking space and access to common areas. Separate the visible defect from a matter that requires measurement or specialist.

Check the number and purpose of keys, cards and remotes, meter readings and numbers, available utility accounts and warranty and service documents. Photos should be able to link to a specific point of the protocol.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

Prepare a draft of the handover protocol in advance. It provided for the date, participants, basis, exact property, accessories, keys, meter readings, received documents, defects, term and person responsible for removal and method for re-inspection.

Ask for the applicable introduction document, warranty documents, instructions, technical passport or access to it, energy documents and rules or management and maintenance contracts as applicable.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Check whether the contract links the handover to a final payment, retainer, maintenance fee or other commitment. Do not assume that the presence of defects automatically creates a right to withhold payment; this depends on the specific text and applicable law.

Record the initial readings and the date from which you carry current costs. Clarify deposits, common area, parking and service fees without accepting a verbal monthly amount as a permanent one.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Risks are inspection in insufficient light, pre-filled protocol, pressure for immediate signature, refusal to enter remarks and promise to clarify defects later. A cosmetic appearance does not prove the operation of the installations or the condition of hidden elements.

Also be careful when the common areas, access or infrastructure are not in the promised condition, but the protocol only describes the apartment. Specify what is part of your contract and how it is tracked.

Who can help?

An independent engineer or technical specialist can carry out a systematic inspection and measurements. The attorney reviews the meaning of the protocol, deadlines, and default rights. The seller's representative must be authorized to sign and take the recorded actions.

Arrange the specialist and access in advance. If technical inspection requires time or equipment, a brief formal inspection on the day of handover may not be sufficient.

How should you proceed?

Send a list of viewing points and participants before the date. During the delivery, number the defects, take pictures, describe the location and arrange a verifiable time and method for confirming the repair.

Do not sign text that does not reflect what you saw or contains empty fields. Receive a signed copy immediately and keep the next communication on the same list without losing the link between defect, photo and reply.

Next step

What comes next?

After delivery, track defects, warranties, utility accounts, insurance and common parts management. Open the separate guideline for the first months as an owner, because some of the tasks start after the keys.

If delivery is refused or incomplete, document the facts and seek legal advice on the specific contractual procedure.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Compare the property and fixtures with the signed plans and technical specification.

  2. 02

    Engage an independent technical specialist and ensure sufficient time and access for inspection.

  3. 03

    Record each defect with a photo, location, person responsible, deadline and method of re-inspection.

  4. 04

    Describe all keys, cards, remotes, appliances, readings and documents received.

  5. 05

    Keep the signed copy and continue tracking defects against the same numbered list.

09Purchase stage

The first months as an owner

Organize the documents, utility accounts, warranties and insurance, then get to know how the building is managed.

What this means for you

The purchase process does not end with receiving the keys. In the first months you have to sort out the documents, the utility accounts, the guarantees and the relationships in the building. Different deadlines can start from different events, so check the start date for each one.

Separate personal property from common areas. A problem in a roof, facade, elevator, yard or general installation may require action through the condominium or management company, not just an individual report to the seller.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Check that you have the notarial deed, proof of registration, cadastral scheme, handover record, warranty documents and any management or maintenance contracts. Match the initial meter readings and utility-account transfer or opening dates.

For unfinished defects, maintain the status by the protocol number. In case of a new problem, write down the date, the manifestation, the photos and who you notified. Do not perform repairs that may eliminate the cause before documenting the condition and obtaining proper advice.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

Create a permanent archive for the property: ownership documents and cadastre; transaction and payments; technical and warranty documents; condominium and maintenance; utility accounts, taxes and insurance. Keep originals separate from working copies.

Request minutes and decisions of the general meeting, regulations, budget, known obligations and contracts that affect general expenses. The document shows a specific decision as of a certain date, it does not guarantee the future amount of fees.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

Sort running costs by category: utilities, condominium, management, maintenance, insurance, tax and reserve for repairs. Confirm who is charging the amount, on what grounds and for what period, instead of paying on an unverified verbal instruction.

For general repairs or new fees, ask for the decision and the method of distribution. Mesto does not calculate your individual liability and is not a substitute for reviewing condominium documents.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Risks are lost warranty periods, phone-only alerts, unclear utility accounts, condominium decisions not received, and automatic fee payment without a contract or decision. A small leak or defect can become more difficult to prove if it is not documented in time.

Also be careful with finishing repairs that affect common parts, construction or installations. Ownership of the apartment does not mean a free right to change everything around it.

Who can help?

Technical specialist helps with defects and planned repairs; lawyer - in case of a dispute, warranty claim or condominium decision; accountant or local administration - for specific tax matters. The house manager organizes general processes, but does not automatically represent your personal interest.

For insurance, check coverage, exclusions and connection to common areas. Choose help according to the specific problem, not just who is most readily available.

How should you proceed?

Create a calendar for utility accounts, tax steps, insurance, warranty periods and defect tracking. Save the relevant contacts and reporting procedures, including proof that each notice was received.

Present yourself to the building management and ask for basic documents and a notification channel. Check out how meetings are held and how you can get the decisions instead of learning about them after an expense is incurred.

Next step

What comes next?

After the initial arrangement, move on to a periodic review of documents, insurance and technical condition. Update the file in case of renovation, rental, new condominium decision or change of ownership.

If you plan to sell or refinance later, a well-organized file will make future verification easier. However, it does not guarantee its result.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 1 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Collect the title deed, plan, protocol, warranties and contracts in your permanent archive.

  2. 02

    Transfer or locate accounts and keep opening readings and dates.

  3. 03

    Check condominium rules, decisions, budget and contacts.

  4. 04

    Describe the defects and declare them in writing before the expiration of the relevant terms.

  5. 05

    Sort out insurance, ongoing costs and a periodic review calendar.

Checks by property type

What is different for a house, land or new construction?

Then return to your current stage, such as before paying a deposit or before the notarial transfer.

01By property type

Purchase of a completed home

Check the title and encumbrances, the exact property, its actual condition, the common areas and the entire budget for the purchase.

What this means for you

With a finished home, you don't have to play the entire construction process. The main questions are who owns the property now, what exactly the right includes, whether there are entries or third party rights, whether the actual condition matches the documents and what costs come after the purchase.

The age of the building changes the available documents and the applicable administrative regime. The absence of a contemporary document with the same name does not automatically prove illegality, but it does require establishing how the building was created and used and what subsequent changes were made.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Track ownership and seller's basis, family and inheritance circumstances, agency, encumbrances, rights of use and possession. Compare the layout and title deed with the address, floor, area, purpose, basement, attic, common areas and parking space.

Performed a technical inspection of the home and common areas. Check for moisture, cracks, installations, joinery, heating, roof or basement according to the position of the property. Ask about conversions and compare the actual layout with the available plans and scheme.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

Ask for the title deed and relevant previous deeds, an up-to-date scheme, a certificate of encumbrances, family or inheritance documents, the necessary commissioning or legal document and evidence of significant alterations. The exact set depends on the history of the property.

Review condominium documents: important decisions, planned repairs, known liabilities, management or maintenance contracts. Verbal assurance "no problems in the entrance" does not indicate future costs or decisions already made.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

The budget includes the price, transaction and financing costs, necessary repairs, furnishings, upcoming general repairs and ongoing maintenance. Estimate reserve based on actual condition instead of adding an arbitrary percentage.

With a mortgage, the bank evaluation and approval are separate from your inspection. Clarify whether established rezonings, designations, or documents affect funding and timing before making an irrevocable commitment.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Beware of discrepancy between actual distribution and scheme, annexed or utilized areas, parking space without clear right, occupant without arranged release, incomplete hereditary history and encumbrances that will be deleted around the transaction.

Technical risks are often common to the building, not just inside the apartment. New renovations can cover up marks, so look around the adjacent common areas and look for a history of recurring problems.

Who can help?

The lawyer checks title, registry entries, representation and the contract. An engineer or architect assesses the condition, alterations and necessary repairs. The notary has a separate role in the transaction and does not carry out a technical inspection.

An older or altered building may require additional architectural, surveying or administrative review. The assignment should be specific and use available documents.

How should you proceed?

Make a general file in which each identified discrepancy has an answer, proof and responsible specialist. Agreements on how and when the property will be vacated and handed over, what furnishings are left and how statements and keys are recorded.

Don't let good looks override background checks or vice versa. Before making a decision, you must understand both the legal and technical condition of the property well enough, as well as their impact on your budget.

Next step

What comes next?

When you choose the specific property, follow the chronological guidelines according to your moment: before the deposit, before the preliminary contract or before the notarial transfer. Property type does not replace buyer stage.

After the deal, use the separate guidelines for handover and first months as an owner.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Track current ownership, representation, encumbrances and third party rights.

  2. 02

    Compare the title deed, the scheme, the actual distribution, the fittings and the purpose.

  3. 03

    Perform an independent technical inspection of the home and the relevant common areas.

  4. 04

    Check condominium decisions, repairs, obligations and contracts.

  5. 05

    Include repair, financing, transaction and running costs in the total budget.

02By property type

Buying a house or a plot of land

Check boundaries, access, rights, building documents, planning conditions and network connections with the appropriate professionals.

What this means for you

A house or lot should not be checked against an apartment listing. In addition to ownership and encumbrances, the boundaries of the land, legal and actual access, structural conditions, all buildings and outbuildings, water, electricity, sewage, easements and restrictions on future use are important.

A house has at least two related objects - the land and the building - and sometimes several buildings of different status. With a plot of land, the main question is not only "can it be built", but what, under what conditions, with what access and infrastructure and after what additional procedures.

What you need to establish

Check the facts

Compare the cadastral boundaries with the property document, the terrain situation and the fences. Check whether the access is via a public road, private property, common areas or other people's terrain and how it is arranged. Establish the purpose, regulation, effective plan, restrictions and possible easements.

For each building and annex, check its identity, building documents and legal status according to the time of construction. The fact that the building is visible in the cadastre or has been in use for a long time does not in itself prove legality or the right to redevelopment.

What to collect

Prepare the documents you need

The basic kit includes the documents and history of ownership, an up-to-date sketch, a certificate of registration, layout information, the applicable PUP and access and network data. For a house, add permits, projects, introduction documents, technical passport or other available construction documents for each building.

If a toleration, right of way, right of construction or annexation is claimed, ask for the correct document and read its subject matter. A promise "there is electricity and water nearby" does not indicate technical possibility, price, capacity or right of connection.

Costs and agreed terms

What could change the final price?

The total budget may include surveying, design and engineering studies, strengthening, roof and installation repairs, access provision, connection to networks, septic system, removal or legalization of buildings and future construction. Their amount depends on the specific property and cannot be reliably estimated with a general percentage.

When financing, confirm how the lender treats the land, buildings, documentation and necessary repairs. A credit assessment does not prove that the proposed development is permissible or that access is arranged.

Warning signs

When should you slow down?

Caution signals are a fence that does not follow the boundary; access "by appointment"; building without clear documents; different areas; network without a joining document; an easement or restriction that crosses the construction zone; and a promise of future change of plan as a sure outcome.

In case of co-ownership, determine what is actually acquired and used. An ideal piece of land is not automatically a physically separate yard, and a distribution of use is not the same as a change of ownership.

Who can help?

The lawyer checks rights, history, access, encumbrances and contracts. The surveyor works with boundaries and surveying; the architect - with the structural possibilities and projects; the engineers - with structure, soils and networks. The municipality and operators provide official information within their competence.

Choose the specialists according to the purpose: the purchase of an existing house, renovation, extension and new construction are different tasks. Mesto gives a general orientation, but does not replace a specialized survey of the terrain and buildings.

How should you proceed?

Formulate in advance how you intend to use the property. Give this objective to the solicitor, surveyor and designer to check not only the current status, but also whether your plan is realistic according to the available rights and restrictions.

Visit the property with an appropriate specialist when boundaries, slope, drainage, construction or networks are essential. Write down any claims the seller makes that need to be proven before payment.

Next step

What comes next?

When the documents and specialized checks outline the real object and the possible use, move to the chronological direction of your moment - before the deposit, contract or notarial transfer.

If a key issue depends on a future permit, plan, or accession, treat it as an unknown. Set out explicitly in the contract what happens if the expected event does not occur.

Official sources and editorial status

This guidance is educational. Before paying or signing, ask a specialist how it applies to the particular property and contract.

Version 2 · The content is published but has not yet been reviewed by a specialist.

Before the next step

Check before you continue

Use the list to prepare for a decision or a conversation with a specialist. Ticks show your progress but do not verify the condition of the property.

  1. 01

    Compare the title deed, the cadastre, land boundaries, fences and every building.

  2. 02

    It established the legal and factual basis for access to a public road.

  3. 03

    Check the regulation, purpose, restrictions, easements and your actual purpose of use.

  4. 04

    Ask for separate evidence of building documents and networks, instead of relying on the visible.

  5. 05

    Make a specialized budget and review with a lawyer, surveyor, architect or engineer as appropriate.

Who does what?

Each participant has a different role

One specialist can rarely cover every legal, technical, administrative and financial question alone.

Developer / contracting authority
Organises the development process and has statutory and contractual responsibilities for that role; this is not necessarily the builder.
Builder
Carries out the works under the contract and construction documents; does not approve the design or issue the final administrative act.
Designer
Prepares the design sections within their expertise and participates in specified construction records.
Construction supervisor
Monitors the work and participates in preparing specified construction records according to the project's category. This role does not protect the buyer's personal interests as their lawyer would.
Municipality
Approves development plans and investment designs and issues acts within its statutory powers.
DNCC
Exercises construction control and issues occupancy permits for certain categories of construction.
Seller
The party with whom you enter into the transaction. The seller must have authority to sell what was promised and may be different from the developer.
Broker
Acts as an intermediary and organises information and viewings within the agreed scope of work. A broker does not replace independent legal or technical due diligence.
Lawyer
Checks rights and contracts with your interests in mind. Seek independent advice before making an irreversible commitment.
Notary
Conducts the notarial proceedings and statutory checks; does not design the building or carry out a technical inspection.
Lender and valuer
The lender decides whether and on what terms to finance the purchase; the valuer determines a value for a specific purpose. A loan approval or valuation does not guarantee that the property is legally and technically sound.

Budget and finance

Plan for the full cost, not just the asking price

Allow for taxes and fees, professional checks, renovation or finishing work, parking, maintenance and a sensible reserve. If you plan to use a mortgage, confirm the terms, valuation, timing and required contribution with the bank. Mesto does not show current interest rates and cannot predict whether your application will be approved.

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